Debt Service Costs Threaten Sustainable Development in Developing Countries

Emerging nations are facing a severe financial dilemma as they contend with record-high external debt service costs of $400 billion this year. A recent report by the Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery Project (DRGR) highlights that 47 developing countries risk insolvency if they pursue necessary investments in climate adaptation and sustainable development to meet the 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement objectives. This risk arises as these investments would push them beyond the external debt insolvency thresholds set by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), particularly over the next five years.

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Renewed Geopolitical Tensions and US Inflation Spike Reignite Currency Market Volatility

Currency market volatility is on the rise, driven by increased geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and heightened inflation in the US. The recent attack by Iran on Israel and strong US inflation figures have led traders to speculate that the US dollar will strengthen, anticipating that the Federal Reserve might maintain stringent monetary policies longer than previously expected. This shift marks a significant change from just a month ago, when volatility was at multi-year lows, prompting speculation about a new era of stability in the $7.5 trillion-a-day foreign exchange market.

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China's Gold Reserves Climb as Market Faces Mixed Demand Dynamics

In March, China's gold market witnessed diverse trends: official reserves increased, while wholesale demand slightly decreased. The Shanghai Gold Benchmark PM price surged by 10%, significantly outperforming other local asset classes. Although there was a mild drop in gold leaving the Shanghai Gold Exchange due to high prices, the first quarter saw the highest wholesale gold demand since 2019. The premium on China’s gold prices declined in March, indicating softer local demand; however, the quarter overall experienced the highest Q1 premium on record, driven by strong physical demand in earlier months.

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Gold Prices Skyrocket, Yet Some Remain Cautious

The outlook for gold prices remains broadly positive, yet caution is warranted. Currently, gold is exhibiting an unusual correlation with the US dollar and both 5-year and 10-year US real yields—a relationship typically transient and lasting only about 3 to 6 months. Should gold prices align once more with central bank movements, stability against the US dollar and a modest rise against the euro are expected, reflecting divergent Federal Reserve and European Central Bank policies. Despite these trends, the current supply of physical gold is adequate, and central bank purchasing levels do not fully support the high market prices. Consequently, the forecast for gold remains pegged at $2,000 per ounce by year-end.

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